If a solid material dissolves in a liquid, it forms a solution. So if sugar is disolved in water, it forms a sugar solution.

All solutions are made up of two parts. The liquid part is called the solvent.

All solutions are made up of two parts. The dissolved solid is called the solute.

If a solid dissolves in a liquid it is called soluble.

Insoluble

If a solid does not dissolve in a liquid iit is called insoluble.

Evaporation

Evaporation can be used to separate a dissolved solid (solute) from the solvent. As the liquid evaporates, so the solid is left behind.

Filtering

A filter paper in a funnel can help to separate small insoluble (undissolved) particles from a liquid.

Sieving

A sieve ccan be used to separate a mixture of dry solid substances where the particles are of different sizes.